 thick-walled seamless steel pipe and method for producing it
专利摘要:
thick-walled seamless steel pipe and method for producing it. Embodiments of the present disclosure comprise carbon steels and methods for manufacturing thick-walled pipes (wall thickness greater than or equal to about 35mm) from them. In one embodiment a steel composition is processed and produces a prior austenite grain size greater than about 15 or 20 µm and less than about 100 µm. based on this composition, a rapid cooling sequence has been determined which provides a microstructure greater than or equal to about 50 vol% martensite and less than or equal to about 50 vol% lower bainite without substantial ferrite formation, superior bainite or granular bainite. After rapid cooling, the tube may be quenched. The yield strength of chilled and quenched pipes may be greater than about 450 mpa or 485 mpa and measurements of mechanical properties show that chilled and quenched pipes are suitable for grade 450 mpa and 485 mpa, and corrosion break resistance. under tension by sulfides. 公开号:BR102012002647B1 申请号:R102012002647-3 申请日:2012-02-06 公开日:2018-12-11 发明作者:Ettore Anelli；Mariano Armengol；Paolo Novelli；Federico Tintori 申请人:Dalmine S.P.A.； IPC主号:
专利说明:
(54) Title: SEAMLESS STEEL TUBE WITH THICK WALLS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME (73) Holder: DALMINE SPA Address: PiazzaCaduti 6 Luglio 1944, 1, 24044 Dalmine, ITALY (IT) (72) Inventor: ETTORE ANELLI; MARIANO ARMENGOL; PAOLO NOVELLI; FEDERICO TINTORI. Validity Term: 20 (twenty) years from 02/06/2012, subject to legal conditions Issued on: 12/11/2018 Digitally signed by: Liane Elizabeth Caldeira Lage Director of Patents, Computer Programs and Topographies of Integrated Circuits 1/50 SEAMLESS STEEL TUBE WITH THICK WALLS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME Technical Field The present invention relates, in general, to metal production and, in certain embodiments, to produce low temperature metal tubular bars while, it refers to having high methods for toughness simultaneously, it has resistance to rupture Certain embodiments by stress corrosion by sulfides. refer to seamless thick wall steel pipes for risers, line and flow pipes for use in the oil and gas industry, pipes that are suitable for bending. Fundamentals of the Invention The exploration of offshore oil and reserves lines including gas in remote regions of the world is increasingly changing the conditions under which relatively traditional pipe solutions can be used and in the direction of greater environmental demands. These increased environmental demands may incorporate a combination of challenging factors, including, for example, deepwater locations, increased pressure and temperature wells, more corrosive products and lower design temperatures. These conditions, when added to restrictive welding and toughness criteria already associated with pipe specifications for offshore oil and gas exploration applications, demand greater material demands and supply capacity. These demands are evident in design developments involving efficient composition and high operating pressure that requires very thick-walled carbon steels for service with acid. For example, most seamless tube manufacturers are able to produce line grade tubes 2/50 Χ65 and X70, according to the 5L of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and with Organization standards 3183 International Standards (ISO), having resistance to rupture by corrosion under tension by sulfides (SSC) and by crack induced by hydrogen (HIC), when the wall thickness (WT) is below 35 mm. However, the conflicting strength and toughness requirements, combined with the need for corrosion stress cracking by sulfides (SSC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) (eg acid resistance) in thick-walled tubes) ( for example, WT greater than or equal to 35 mm) has proved difficult to achieve. In the complex scenario of line pipe designs for applications such as deep and ultra-deep water and acid service, Arctic-like areas, etc., thick wall bending has also become an important aspect of pipes. Summary of the Invention Embodiments of the invention are directed to steel tubes or tubes and methods of producing them. In some embodiments, quick-quenched and quenched steel tubes (Q&T) risers having a thickness of mm and a limit tension of 25 ksi) and 485 MPa (70 ksi) are provided, with a thick and seamless wall (WT) greater than or equal to a minimum flow of 450 MPa (65 respectively, with excellent tenacity at low temperature and excellent resistance to corrosion (service with acid, H 2 S environment). In some embodiments, seamless tubes are also suitable for producing curvatures of the same degree by means of hot induction bending 30 and rapid cooling treatment and quenching offline. In one embodiment, the steel pipe 3/50 It has an outside diameter (OD) in between 152 mm (6) and 711 mm (28), and wall thickness (WT) bigger what 35 mm.In one embodiment, the composition in seamless pipe in steel of low alloy consists in (% by weight) : 0.05% -0.16% ç, 0.20% -0.90% Μη, 0.10% -0.50% Si, 1.20% -2.60% Cr, 0.05% -0.50% Ni, 0.80% -1, 20% Mo, 0.80% W max, 0.03% Nb max, 0.02% Ti max, 0.005% -0.12% V, 0.008% -0.040% Al, 0.0030-0.012% of N, 0.3% of Cu max, 0.01% of S max, 0.02% of P max, 0.001% -0.005% of Ca, 0.0020% of B max , 0,020% of As »0 max, 0,005% of Sb max, 0,020% of Sn max, 0,030% of Zr max, 0.030% Ta max, 0.0050% Bi max, 0. 0030% O max, 0.00030% H max, with the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. Steel tubes can be manufactured to varying degrees. In one embodiment, a grade is provided with the following properties: Limiting yield stress, YS: 450 Minimum MPa (65 ksi) and 600 MPa (87 ksi) maximum. Extreme tensile strength, UST: 535 MPa (78 ksi) minimum, and 760 MPa (110) maximum. Stretching, no less than 20%. YS / UTS ratio not greater than 0.91. In another embodiment, a grade of 485 MPa (70 ksi) is provided with the following properties: Limiting yield stress, YS: 485 Minimum MPa (70 ksi) and maximum 635 MPa (92 ksi). Extreme tensile strength, UTS: minimum, and 760 MPa (110 ksi) maximum. Elongation not less than 18%. YS / UTS ratio not greater than 0.93. 4/50 The steel tube can have a minimum impact energy of 200 J / 150 J (average / individual) and a minimum of 80% average shear area for both tests, longitudinal and transversal, Charpy with V notch (CVN) performed on 5 standard-sized specimens at -70 ° C according to ISO 148-1. The tube may also have a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, as measured by the weight drop test (DWT) according to the standardembodiment, the 10 max. • The tubes manufactured ASTM 208, less than -70 ° C. In a steel can. having a hardness of 248 HV10 according to the embodiments of the invention show resistance to both, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and rupture by sulfide stress corrosion (SSC). In one embodiment of the invention, the HIC performed according to NACE Standard TM0284-2003 Item No. 21215, using NACE solution and 96-hour test duration, provides the following HIC parameters (average across three sections of three specimens): • Crack length ratio, CLR <5% • Crack thickness ratio, CTR = 1% • Crack sensitivity ratio, CSR = 0.2%. In another embodiment, the SSC test carried out according to NACE TM0177, using test solution A and test duration of 720 hours, provides result without collapse at 90% of the specified minimum yield stress (SMYS). The tubes manufactured according to certain embodiments of the invention have a microstructure without showing ferrite, without upper bainite and without granular bainite. The steel tubes can additionally consist of tempered martensite with a volumetric percentage greater than 50%, greater than 60%, preferably greater than 90%, and more preferably greater than 5/50 95% (measured according to ASTM E562-08) with tempered lower bainite in a volumetric percentage of less than 40%, preferably less than 10%, and the most preferred less than 5%. Martensite and bainite, in some embodiments, can be formed at temperatures lower than 450 ° C and 540 ° C, respectively, after reheating at temperatures from 900 ° C to 1060 ° C for an immersion time between 300 s to 3600 s, and rapid cooling and cooling rates equal to or greater than 7 ° C / s. In additional embodiments, the size of the • average anterior 10 austenite grain, measured by the ASTM Standard 1 'El 12, is greater than 15 pm (linear intercept) and less than 100 pm. The average size of regions separated by high-angle contours (i.e. packet size), in one embodiment, is less than 6 pm (preferably less than 15 pm, more preferably less than 3 pm), measured as linear intercept average in images taken by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) using the Electron Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) signal, and considering high-angle contours those with disorientation> 45 °. The microstructure can precipitate precipitated or N) with also including the presence of fines type MX, M 2 X (where M is V, Mo, Nb, or Cr and X is Ç smaller size of what 40 nm additionally The coarse type m 3 c, m 6 c, M23C6 with a diameter 400 nm precipitated (the nm to about average were about 80 examined by Electron Transmission Microscopy (TEM) using extraction replica method). In one embodiment, a steel tube is provided. The steel tube comprises a steel composition comprising: fence in 0, 05% in Weight up until fence in 0, 16% in Weight in carbon; fence in 0, 20% in Weight up until fence in 0, 90% in Weight in manganese; fence in 0, 10% in Weight up until fence in 0, 50% in Weight in silicon; fence in 1, 20% in Weight up until fence in 2, 60% in Weight in crust; fence in 0, 05% in Weight up until fence in 0, 50% in Weight in nickel; β / 50 about 0.80% by weight to about 1.20% by weight of molybdenum; about aluminum fence; about 0.005% by weight to about 0.12% by weight 0.008% by weight to about 0.04% in 0.0030% by weight to about 0.0120% nitrogen; and about 0.0010% by weight to about calcium; where the wall thickness of the tube is about 35 mm; and where the vanadium weight steel microstructure flow pipe; weight of weight of 0.005% by weight of is greater than or equal to steel is processed 450 MPa (65 of the steel pipe for ksi) have or a limit tension of greater, and where the martensite comprises in a bainite volumetric percentage lower than or equal to about 50%. greater than or equal to about 50% and a volumetric percentage of less than In another embodiment, a steel pipe method is provided. The method comprises providing a carbon steel composition. Shaping steel into a wall format greater than or equal to produce steel having a method additionally comprises of additionally comprises heating tube having the tube first heating operation to a strip between fence also comprising shaped 7 ° C / second, quickly and less that it has one that about tempering the one of being a greater thickness of mm. The steel method formed at a temperature within the range of 900 ° C to about 1060 ° C. The method of rapid cooling of the rate greater than or equal to the microstructure than or equal to about 50% steel tube steel or equal to about 50% bainite size of about 15 tube of lower martensite and grain cooled of austenite previous pm. The method additionally steel cooled rapidly to a higher average comprises temperature 7/50 within the range between about 680 ° C to about 760 ° C, with the steel tube after quenching having a yield strength greater than about 450 MPa (65 ksi) and a Charpy energy with V-notch greater than or equal to about 150 5 J / cm 2 . Brief Description of Drawings Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be evident from the description below taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. The Figure is a schematic flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for making steel tubes. Figure 2 is an embodiment of a continuous cooling transformation diagram, an embodiment of a steel of the present description. The Figure is an optical micrograph illustrating microstructure of a tube as shaped according to the disclosed embodiments. The Figure is an optical micrograph showing microstructure of a tube after cooling rapidly formed according to the disclosed embodiments. Figure 5 is an optical micrograph showing austenite grains about halfway through the tube after rapidly cooling from Figure 4. Figure 6 is an optical graph illustrating the distribution of contour interception with a disorientation angle greater than about 45 ° for a steel formed according to the disclosed embodiments. Figure 7 is an optical micrograph about half-wall of the tube curve after rapidly cooling from Example 2. Figure 8 is an optical micrograph about half-wall of the tube after rapidly cooling from the comparative example of Example 3. 8/50 Detailed Description of the Invention The embodiments of the present description provide steel compositions, tubular bars (for example, tubes) formed by the use of steel compositions, and respective methods of manufacture. Tubular bars can be used, for example, as line pipes and risers for use in the oil and gas industry. In certain embodiments, the tubular bars may have a wall thickness greater than or equal to 35 mm and a microstructure of martensite and lower bainite, substantially without ferrite, upper bainite, or granular bainite. Thus formed, the tubular bars have a minimum yield stress of about 450 MPa (65 ksi) and about 485 MPa (70 ksi). In additional embodiments, the tubular bars may have good toughness at low temperatures and resistance to rupture by corrosion under stress by sulfides (SSC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), enabling the use of the tubular bars in acidic service environments. However, it can be understood that the tubular bars comprise an example of an article of manufacture that can be formed from the achievements gives gift description and should not be considered as limiting applicability of achievements revealed. The term bar, as used here, is a broad term and includes its common dictionary meaning and also refers to an elongated, generally hollow member that can be straight or have curves or curves and be conformed to a predetermined shape and any additional formation - required to guarantee the tubular bar formed in its intentional location. The bar may be tubular, having an outer surface and a substantially circular inner surface, although other shapes and cross sections are also contemplated. As used herein, the term tubular refers to 9/50 any elongated hollow shape, which need not be circular or cylindrical. The terms approximately, substantially, as used herein, represent an amount equal to or close to the established amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms approximately, about and substantially may refer to an amount that is within less than 10% of, within less than 5% of, • 10 within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of within an established quantity. The term room temperature, as used herein, has an ordinary meaning known to those skilled in the art of 16 ° C However, and may include temperatures within the general fence range, the embodiments of the present description comprise carbon steel tubes of manufacture. As discussed in greater low alloy and detail methods below, through a combination of steel composition and treatment a final microstructure can be achieved that gives thermal, originating properties one or more mechanical strengths selected from minimum breakdown, corrosion, in wall pipes (for example, The composition of not only carbon of interest, including toughness, hardness and high thickness of WT greater than or present steel but equal to about 35 mm). also manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), chromium (Cr), nickel molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), one or more of the following and / or nitrogen and calcium (Ca). Additionally, elements can optionally also be added: tungsten (W), 10/50 niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), boron (B), zirconium (Zr), and tantalum (Ta). The rest of the composition can comprise iron (Fe) and impurities. In certain embodiments, the concentration of impurities can be reduced to as low an amount as possible. Impurity embodiments may include, but are not limited to, copper (Cu), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), oxygen (0), and hydrogen (H). For example, the composition of steel low-alloy can [10 comprise (in% by weight less what in another way be observed): Carbon within the range of about 0.05% to about 0.16%; Manganese within the range of about 0.20% to about 0.90%; Silicon within the range of about 0.10% to about 0.50%; Chromium within the range of about 1.20% to about 2.60%; Nickel within the range of about 0.050% to about 0.50%; Molybdenum within the range of about 0.80% to about 1.20%; Tungsten less than or equal to about 0.80% Niobium less than or equal to about 0.030%; Titanium less than or equal to about 0.020%; Vanadium within the range of about 0.005% to about 0.12%; Aluminum within the range of about 0.008% to about 0.040%; Nitrogen within the range of about 0.0030% to about 0.012%; Covers less than or equal to about 0.3%; Sulfur less than or equal to about 0.01%; 11/50 Phosphorus less than or equal to about 0.02%; Calcium within the range of about 0.001% -0.005%; Boron less than or equal to about 0.0020%; Arsenic less than or equal to about 0.020%; Antimony less than or equal to about 0.005%; Tin less than or equal to about 0.020%; Zirconium less than or equal to 0.03%; Tantalum less than or equal to 0.03%; Bismuth less than about 0.0050%; Oxygen less than about 0.0030%; Hydrogen less than or equal to about 0.00030; and the balance of the composition comprising iron and impurities. Heat treatment operations can include rapid cooling and quenching (Q + T). The blast chilling operation may include reheating the tube from approximately room temperature after hot forming to a temperature that austenitizes the tube followed by blast chilling. For example, the tube can be heated to a temperature within the range of about 900 ° C to about 1050 ° C and maintained at about austenitizing temperature for a selected immersion time. Cooling rates during rapid cooling are selected in order to achieve a selected cooling rate about halfway up the pipe. For example, tubes can be cooled in order to achieve cooling rates greater than or equal to about 7 ° C / s at half-wall. Rapid cooling of tubes having a WT greater than or equal to about 35 mm and the composition described above can promote the formation of a volumetric percentage of martensite 30 greater than about 50%, preferably greater than about 70% and more preferably greater than about 90% within the tube. The remaining microstructure of the tube may comprise bainite Lower 12/50, substantially without ferrite, upper bainite or granular bainite. Following rapid cooling operations, the pipe can still be tempered. The quench can be conducted at a temperature within the range of about 680 ° C to about 760 ° C, depending on the steel composition and the target yield strength. In addition to martensite and lower bainite, the microstructure can also have an average anterior austenite grain size, measured according to ASTM £ 10 E112 from about 15 or 20 pm to about 100 pm. The microstructure also has a packet size of less than about 6 pm. The microstructure may also present fine precipitates of MX, M 2 X, where Μ = V, Mo, Nb, Cr and X = C or N having an average diameter of less than or equal to about 40 nm and coarse precipitates of the type M 3 C, M 6 C, M 2 3C 6 with an average diameter between about 80 to about 400 nm. In one embodiment, a steel tube having a WT greater than about 35 mm and the composition and microstructure discussed above may have the following properties: • Limiting voltage flow minimum (YS) = about 450 MPa (65 ksi) • Limiting voltage flow maximum = about 600 MPa (87 ksi) • Resistance to extreme traction minimum (UTS) = about 535 MPa 25(78 ksi) • Resistance to extreme traction maximum = about 760 MPa (110 ksi) • Elongation at break = greater than about 20% • YS / UTS = less than or equal to about 0.91 13/50 In another embodiment, a steel tube having a WT greater than about mm can be formed having the following properties: Minimum yield stress (YS) about 485 MPa (70 ksi) Maximum yield stress about 635 MPa ksi) Minimum extreme voltage resistance (UTS) about 570 MPa (83 ksi) Maximum extreme stress resistance = about 760 MPa (110 ksi) Elongation at break = greater than about 18% YS / UTS = less than or equal to about 0.93 In each of the above embodiments, the formed tube can also have the following impact and hardness properties: Minimum impact energy (Average / Individual at around 70 ° C) o = about 200 J / about 150 J φρο Average shear area (CVN at about -70 ° C; ISO 148-1) o = minimum of about 80% • Ductile-Brittle transformation temperature (ASTM E23) o = less than or equal to about -70 ° C • Hardness o = maximum of about 248 HV10 In each of the above embodiments, the formed tube may still have the following resistance to rupture by sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The SSC test is conducted according to 30 NACE TM 0177 using solution A with a test duration of 720 hours. The HIC test is conducted according to NACE TM 0284 14/50 2003 Item 21215 using A NACE solution and 96 hour test duration: HIC • Reason for Crack Length, CLR = less what 5or equal about 5% • Reason for Crack thickness, CTR = less what or equal about 1% • Reason for Crack Sensitivity, CSR = less what or equal about 0.2% 0 SSC • Time to breaking at 90% of the minimal break specified (SMYS) = greater than about 720 hours Referring to Figure 1, a flow chart is shown illustrating an embodiment of a method 100 for making 15 tubular bars. Method 100 includes operations to produce steel 102, hot forming operations 104, heat treatment operations 106, which may include austenitization 106A, rapid cooling 106B, quenching 106C and finishing operations 110. It should be understood that method 100 can 20 include a greater or lesser number of operations and the operations can, when necessary, be carried out in an order different from that illustrated in Figure 1. Operation 102 of method 100 preferably comprises fabricating steel and producing a solid metal bar 25 capable of being drilled and laminated to form a tubular metal bar. In additional embodiments, selected steel scrap, cast iron and sponge iron can be used to prepare the raw material for steel composition. It should be understood, however, that other sources of iron and / or steel can be used to prepare the steel composition. 15/50 Primary steelmaking can be carried out using an electric arc furnace to melt the steel, reduce phosphorus and other impurities, and reach a selected temperature. Additionally, leakage, deoxidation and addition of alloying elements can be performed. One of the main goals of the steelmaking process is to refine iron to remove impurities. In particular, sulfur and phosphorus are harmful to steel because they degrade the mechanical properties of steel. In one embodiment, secondary steelmaking can be carried out in a pan oven and cutting station after primary steelmaking to perform specific purification steps. During these operations, very low sulfur levels can be achieved in steel, calcium inclusion treatment is carried out, and inclusion flotation is carried out. In one embodiment, inclusion flotation can be accomplished by bubbling inert gases in the pan oven to force flotation of inclusions and impurities. In this way, high quality steel having the desired composition with a low inclusion content can be provided. Table 1 illustrates embodiments of the steel composition, in percentage weight (weight%) unless otherwise noted. ^ 0 16/50 Table 1: Steel Composition Bands Composition RangeGeneral Most Preferred Most Preferred Element Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Ç 0.05 0.16 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.12 Mn 0.20 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.50 Si 0.10 0.50 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.25 Cr 1.20 2.60 1.80 2.50 2.10 2.40 Ni - 0.05 0.50 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 Mo 0.80 1.20 0.90 1.10 0.95 1.10 W 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.30 Nb 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.010 You 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.010 V 0.005 0.12 0.050 0.10 0.050 0.07 Al 0.008 0.040 0.010 0.030 0.015 0.025 .... N 0.0030 0.0120 0.0030 0.0100 0.0030 0.0080 Ass 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.15 s 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.003 P 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.012 0.000 0.010 Here 0.0010 0.0050 0.0010 0.0030 0.0015 0.0030 B 0.0000 0.0020 0.0005 0.0012 0.0008 0.0014 At 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.015 Sb 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0050 Sn 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.015 Zr 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.010 OK 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.010 Bi 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0050 O 0.000 0.0030 0.000 0.0020 0.000 0.0015 H 0.0000 0.00030 0.0000 0.00025 0.0 0.00020 Carbon (C) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can, without expenditure, increase the strength of the steel and refine the microstructure, reducing the transformation temperatures. In an additional embodiment, if the C content 17/50 of the steel composition is less than about 0.05%, it may be difficult, in some embodiments, to obtain the desired strength in manufacturing articles, particularly tubular products. On the other hand, in other embodiments, if the steel composition has a C content greater than about 0.16%, in some embodiments, toughness is impaired, and weldability can decrease, making any process more difficult and expensive welding if the joint is not made by means of a threaded joint. In addition, the risk of developing rapid cooling cracks in steels with a high hardness capacity increases with the carbon content. Therefore, in one embodiment, the C content of the steel composition can be selected within the range of about 0.05% to about 0.16%, preferably within the range of about 0.07% to about 0 , 14%, and more preferably within the range of about 0.08% to about 0.12%. Manganese (Mn) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can be effective in increasing the hardness, strength and toughness of steel. In one embodiment, if the Mn content of the steel composition is less than about 0.20%, it may be difficult in some embodiments to obtain the desired strength in the steel. However, in another embodiment, if the Mn content of the steel composition exceeds about 0.9%, in some embodiments the belt structures may become marked in some embodiments, and the toughness and resistance to HIC / SSC may decrease. Therefore, in one embodiment, the Mn content of the steel composition can be selected within the range of about 0.20% to about 0.90%, preferably within the range of about 0.30% to about 0.60%, and most preferably within the range of about 0.30% to about 0.50%. 18/50 Silicon (Si) is an element whose addition to the steel composition has a deoxidizing effect during the steelmaking process and can also increase the strength of the steel (for example, strengthening the solid solution). In one embodiment, if the Si content of the steel composition is less than about 0.10%, the steel, in some embodiments, may be weakly deoxidized during the steelmaking process and present. a high level of micro-inclusions. In another embodiment, if the Si content of the steel composition exceeds c about 0.50%, both, may decrease in some toughness and conformability of steel embodiments. It is also recognized that Si content greater than 0.5% has a detrimental effect on surface quality when steel is processed at high temperatures (for example, temperatures greater than about 1000 ° C) in oxidizing atmospheres, because adhesion of surface oxide (fouling) is increased due to the formation of phialite, and the risk of surface defect is higher. Therefore, in one embodiment, the Si content of the steel composition can be selected within the range of about 0.10% to about 0.5%, preferably within the range of about 0.10% to about 0.40%, and more) preferably within the range of about 0.10% to about 0.25%. Chromium (Cr) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can increase the hardness capacity, decrease the transformation temperatures, and increase the tempering resistance of the steel. Therefore, the addition of Cr to steel compositions may be desirable to achieve high levels of strength and toughness. In one embodiment, steel composition is less than difficult to obtain resistance to some embodiments. In another Cr of the steel composition exceeds if the Cr content is about 1.2%, the desired toughness can be achieved, if the content is about 2.6%, the cost can 19/50 may be excessive and the toughness may decrease due to improved precipitation of coarse carbides within grain size limits, in some embodiments. In addition, the weldability of the resulting steel can be reduced, making the welding process more difficult and expensive, if the joint is not carried out by means of threaded joints. Therefore, in one embodiment, the Cr content of the steel composition can be selected within the range of about 1.2% to about 2.6%, preferably within the range of about 1.8% between about up to about 2.5%, and more preferably within the range 2.1% up to about 2 Nickel (Ni) is an element whose addition can increase the strength and toughness of steel. However, in one embodiment, when the addition of Ni exceeds about 0.5%, a negative effect on the fouling adhesion has been observed, with a greater risk of surface defect formation. Also, in another embodiment, it is recognized that Ni levels greater than about 1% have a detrimental effect on rupture by stress corrosion by sulfides. Therefore, in one embodiment, the Ni content in the steel composition can vary within the range of about 0.05% -0.5%. Molybdenum (Mo) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can improve hardness and hardness through solid solution and fine precipitation. Mo can assist in slowing softening during tempering, promoting the formation of very fine precipitates of MC and M 2 C. These particles can be evenly distributed substantially in the matrix and can also act as beneficial hydrogen scavengers, delaying diffusion of atomic hydrogen in the direction of hazardous pickups, usually in grain-size contours, which behave like crack nucleation sites. 0 Mo also reduces 20 / -50 segregation of phosphorus for grain size contours, increasing the resistance in relation to the intergranular crack, with beneficial effects also in the resistance to SSC because high-strength steels that undergo hydrogen embrittlement 5 have intergranular crack morphology. Therefore, due to the increase in the Mo content of the steel composition, at temperatures of better levels, the resistance quenches more toughness. In exerting the effect of the same, the desired content can be achieved high, which promote an embodiment, de Mo can be greater than or equal to about 0.80%. However, in other embodiments, for Mo contents higher than about 1.2%, a saturation effect on the hardness and weldability stay reduced. Just right in what The Mo ferroalloy is man in a concretization, the content in Mo gives composition of steel can be selected within the range in between about 0.8 up until fence of 1, 2%, preferably < inside gives range between about 0.9% up to about 1.1%, and more preferably at banner in between about 0.95% up to fence in 1.1%. Tungsten (W) is an element whose addition to the steel composition is optional and can increase resistance at room temperature and is elevated by the formation of tungsten carbide which develops secondary hardening. W is preferably added when the use of steel is required at high temperatures. The behavior of the terms of capacity of half that of Mo. As a result, less hardness, but similar to that of Mo in its effectiveness is about the tungsten reduces fouling is the oxidation formed processes of reheating at high temperatures. as its cost is very high, in one embodiment, of steel during and, the However, the W content of the steel composition can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.8%. 21/50 Niobium (Nb) is an element whose addition to the steel composition is optional and can be provided to form carbides and nitrides, and can also be used to refine the austenitic grain size during hot rolling and reheating before quick cooling. However, Nb is not necessary in embodiments of the present steel composition to refine austenite grains, as a predominant structure of martensite is formed and the thin package is formed even in the case of coarse austenite grains when low transformation temperatures are applied through the balance of other chemical elements, such as Cr, Mo and C. Nb precipitates as carbonitrides can increase the strength of the steel by means of particle dispersion hardening. These fine, round particles can also be uniformly beneficially distributed in the way that they capture substantial hydrogen in the matrix and delay the diffusion of atomic hydrogen towards dangerous scavengers, usually which behave as sites of grain boundaries, the nucleation of crack. In one embodiment, if the Nb content is higher than about 0.030%, a coarse precipitate distribution that impairs toughness can be formed. Therefore, in one embodiment, the Nb content of the steel composition can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.030%, preferably less than or equal to about 0.015%, and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.01%. Titanium (Ti) is an element whose addition to the steel composition is optional and can be provided to refine the size of austenitic grain in high temperature processes, forming nitrides and carbonites. However, it is not necessary in embodiments of the present steel composition, except when 22/50 is used to protect boron that remains in the solid solution by increasing the hardness capacity, especially in the case of tubes with a wall thickness greater than 25 mm. For example, the Ti binds to nitrogen and prevents the formation of BN. Additionally, in certain embodiments, when Ti is present in concentrations higher than about 0.02%, coarse particles of TiN can be formed, which impairs toughness. Consequently, in one embodiment, the Ti content of the steel composition can be less than or equal to about 0.02%, and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.01% when boron is below about 0.0010%. Vanadium (V) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can increase strength through precipitation of carbonitride during tempering. These fine, round particles can also be evenly distributed substantially within the matrix and act as beneficial hydrogen scavengers. In one embodiment, if the V content is less than about 0.05%, it may, in some embodiment, be difficult to obtain the desired strength. However, in another embodiment, if the V content is greater than 0.12%, a large volumetric fraction of vanadium carbide particles can be formed with subsequent reduction in toughness. Therefore, in certain embodiments, the Nb content of the steel composition 25 can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.12%, preferably within the range of about 0.05% to about 0.10% , and more preferably within the range of about 0.050% to about 0.07%. Aluminum (Al) is an element whose addition to the steel composition has a deoxidizing effect during the steelmaking process and can refine the steel grain. In one embodiment, if the Al content of the steel composition is greater than about 23/50 0.040%, coarse precipitates of A1N can be formed which impair the toughness and / or oxides rich in Al (for example, non-metallic inclusions) which impair the resistance to HIC and SSC. Consequently, in one embodiment, the Al content of the steel can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.04%, preferably less than or equal to about 0.03% and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.025%. Nitrogen (N) is an element whose content within the steel composition is preferably selected to be greater than or equal to about 0.0030%, in one embodiment, to form carbonitrides of V, Nb, Mo and Ti. However, in other embodiments, if the N content of the steel composition exceeds about 0.0120%, the toughness of the steel may be degraded. Therefore, the N content of the steel composition can be selected within the range of about 0.0030% to about 0.0120%, preferably within the range of about 0.0030% to about 0.0100%, and more preferably within the range of about 0.0030% to about 0.0080%. Copper (Cu) is an impurity element that is not necessary in embodiments of the steel composition. However, depending on the manufacturing process, the presence of Cu may be unavoidable. Therefore, the Cu content can be limited as low as possible. For example, in one embodiment, the 25 Cu content of the steel composition can be less than or equal to about 0.3%, preferably less than or equal to about 0.20%, and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.15%. Sulfur (S) is an impurity element that can decrease both the toughness and workability of steel, as well as the resistance to HIC / SSC. Consequently, the S content of steel in some embodiments can be kept as low as possible. For example, in one embodiment, the Cu content of 24/50 steel composition can be less than or equal to about more preferably less 0.01%, preferably less than or equal to about 0.005%, which is equal to or about 0.003%. impurity element that can cause a decrease in toughness and resistance to HIC / SSC of high strength steel. Consequently, the phosphorus content in some embodiments can be kept as low as possible. For example, in one embodiment, the phosphorus content of the steel composition can be less than or equal to about φ! 0 0.02%, preferably less than or equal to about 0.012%, and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.010%. calcium (Ca) is an element whose addition to the steel composition can help control the shape of inclusions and improve resistance to HIC by the formation of thin and substantially round sulfides. In one embodiment, in order to provide these benefits, the Ca content of the steel composition can be selected to be greater than or equal to about 0.0010% when the sulfur content is greater than about embodiments, if the content about 0, 0050%, the effect 0.0020%. risk can be increased Ca of the addition of the composition However, Ca composition may be formed in steel for other steel exceeds saturated and agglomerates of non-metallic inclusions rich in Ca that reduce resistance to HIC and SSC. maximum content to be less preferably Consequently, Ca of the composition that or equal less than or while the minimum content of greater than or preferably Ca equal to greater than or in certain embodiments, the steel of about equal can be about equal to can be selected from 0.0050%, about selected 0.0010%, and more 0.0030%, to be and about 0.0015% more. Boron (B) is optional and can be an element whose addition to the steel composition is to be provided to improve the 25/50 hardness of the steel. B can be used to inhibit the formation of ferrite. In one embodiment, the lower limit of the B content of the steel composition to provide these beneficial effects can be about 0.0005%, while the beneficial effects can be saturated with boron contents higher than about 0 , 0020%. Therefore, in selected embodiments, the maximum B content of the steel composition can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.0020%. Arsenic (As), tin (Sn), antimony (SB) and bismuth ^ 10 (Bi) are impurity elements that are not needed in embodiments of the steel composition. However, depending on the manufacturing process, the presence of these impurity elements may be non-preventable. Therefore, the contents of As and Sn within the steel composition can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.020%, and more preferably less than or equal to about 0.015%. The contents of Sb and Bi can be selected to be less than or equal to about 0.0050%. Zirconium (Zr) and tantalum (Ta) are elements that act as strong carbide and nitride builders, similar to Nb and Ti. These elements can be optionally added to the | steel composition, insofar as they are not needed in embodiments of the present steel composition to refine austenite grains. The fine carbonitrides of Zr and Ta can increase the strength of the steel through particle dispersion hardening and can also act as beneficial hydrogen scavengers, delaying the diffusion of atomic hydrogen towards dangerous scavengers. In one embodiment, if the content of Zr or Ta- is greater than or equal to about 0.030%, a coarse precipitate distribution can be formed which can impair the toughness of the steel. Zirconium also acts as a deoxidizing element in steel and combines with sulfur, however, Ca is preferred as an addition to 26/50 φΙΟ steel to promote non-metallic inclusions Therefore, the content to be selected for The total content of the soluble oxygen (oxides). Like it oxides in very high globulars. Zr and Ta within the composition be less than or equal to about oxygen (O) in the steel composition a well steel steel can 0.03%. is the sum of oxygen in non-metallic inclusions practically the oxygen content in deoxidized ones, an oxygen content that is means a non-metallic and less Consequently, in a steel, a high volumetric fraction of inclusions may be selected, which will be less than 0.0030%, preferably less than 0.0020%, and more 0.0015%. Then composition like HIC and SSC. the oxygen content of or equal to about or equal to about preferably less than or equal to the production of the slag at about having one described above, the solid round bar having a uniform having a about axis along the diameter within 420 mm can be steel can be cast in a substantially steel diameter. For example, round bars ranging from about 330 mm to even produced in this way. The bar thus manufactured can be formed into the tubular bar format through a hot forming process 104. In one embodiment, a solid cylindrical bar of clean steel can be heated to a temperature 1340 ° C, preferably about bar can bar can lamination. perforated, of about 1280 ° C. Per 1200 ° C until, for example, reheated using a rotary oven. additionally be subjected to a train Within certain Manessmann rolling mill processes, the bar can be preferred lamination embodiments using the hot rod used to substantially reduce the outside diameter and wall thickness of the tube, while the length is substantially 21/50 increased. In certain embodiments, the Manessmann process can be carried out at temperatures within the range of about 1200 ° C to about 1280 ° C. The hollow bars obtained can also be hot rolled at temperatures within the range 5 between about 1200 ° C to about 1200 ° C in a continuous mandrel laminator. Precise sizing can be performed by a sizing mill and the tubes without air-cooled seams at approximately room temperature in a cooling bed. For example, tubes with an outside diameter (OD) within the range of about 15.24 cm (6 inches) to about 40, 64 cm (16 inches) can be formed in this way. After lamination, the tubes can be heated in-line, without cooling, to room temperature, by means of an intermediate oven 15 to make the temperature more uniform, and precise sizing can be carried out in a sizing laminator. Subsequently, seamless tubes can be cooled in air to room temperature in a cooling bed. In the case of a tube having a final OD greater than the tubes produced by means of the medium sized laminator, they can be processed by a rotary expansion laminator. For example, medium size can be reheated using a rocker to a temperature within the range between 1150 ° C to about 1250 ° C, expanded to the oven tube diameter about desired by means of a laminator-expander at a temperature in the range between about 1100 ° C to about 1200 ° C, and reheated in line before of the final design. In a non-limiting example, a solid bar can be hot molded as discussed above in the shape of a tube having an outside diameter within the range between about 28/50 15.24 cm (6 inches) to about 40.64 cm (16 inches) and a wall thickness greater than about 35 mm. The final microstructure of the shaped tube can be determined by means of the steel composition provided in operation 5 102 and heat treatments carried out in operations 106. The composition and microstructure, in turn, can give rise to the properties of the shaped tube. In one embodiment, promoting martensite formation can refine the packet size (the size of the regions separated by wide-angle contours that offer crack resistance; the greater the disorientation, the greater the energy required by the crack to cross the boundary) and improve the toughness of the steel pipe for a given yield limit stress. Increasing the amount of martensite in tubes after cooling quickly can additionally allow the use of higher tempering temperatures for a given level of resistance. Therefore, in one embodiment, the goal of the method is to achieve a predominantly martensitic microstructure at relatively low temperatures (for example, transformation of austenite at temperatures of less than or equal to about 450 ° C). In one embodiment, the martensitic microstructure can comprise a volumetric percentage of martensite greater than or equal to about 50%. In additional embodiments, the volumetric percentage of martensite can be greater than or equal to about 70%. Still in additional embodiments, the volumetric percentage of martensite can be greater than or equal to about 90%. In another embodiment, the hardness capacity of the steel,. the relative ability of steel to form martensite when cooled rapidly can be improved through composition and microstructure. In one aspect, the addition of elements such as Cr and Mo are effective in reducing the transformation temperature 29/50 of martensite and bainite and increase the resistance to tempering. Beneficially, a higher quenching temperature can then be used to achieve a given resistance level (for example, yield stress). In another embodiment, a relatively coarse prior austenite grain size (e.g., about 15 or 20 pm to about 100 pm) can improve the hardness. In a further embodiment, the resistance to breakage by corrosion will be φ10 improved through the composition and microstructure. In one respect, SSC can be improved by the increased martensite content within the tube. In another aspect, tempering very high temperatures can improve the SSC of the pipe, as discussed in more detail below. In order to promote the formation of martensite at temperatures of less than or equal to about 450 ° C, you can still satisfy Equation 1, where the amounts of each element are given in% (w / w): C% + Mo% + 1.7 Cr%> 10 steel composition Equation 1 If an insignificant amount of bainite (for example, less than about 50% by volume) is present after rapid cooling, the temperature at which the bainite forms must be less than or equal to about 540 ° C in order to promote a relatively thin package, substantially without top bainite or granular bainite (a mixture of ferritades displaced by bainite and islands of high C martensite and retained austenite). In order to promote the formation of bainite at a temperature of less than or equal to about 540 ° C (for example, lower bainite 30), the steel composition additionally satisfies the t 30/50 Equation 2, where quantities of each element are given in % (w / w): 60 C% + 41 Mo% + 34 Cr%> 70 Equation 2THE Figure 2 illustrates a diagram Transformation per Continuous Cooling (CCT) of steel with composition inside of claimed tracks generated by dilatometry. Figure 2 clearly indicates that, even in the case of high levels of Cr and Mo, in order to substantially avoid the formation of ferrite and have 50% an amount of martensite greater than or in volume, an austenite size (AGS) greater than about 20 pm can be used equal to about average grain and a cooling rate greater than about 7 ° C / s. It should be noted that normalization (for example, austenitization followed by cooling while still in the air) may not achieve the desired martensite microstructure because the typical average cooling rate between about 800 ° C and 500 ° C for wall thickness tubes between about 35 mm and about 60 mm is lower than about 1 ° C / s. Rapid water cooling can be employed to achieve the desired cooling rates at about half a wall of the tube and to form martensite and bainite below temperatures lower than about 450 ° C and about 540 ° C, respectively. Therefore, the tubes after laminates can be reheated and cooled quickly with water in a 106A quick-cooling operation after cooling with air from the hot rolling. For example, in an embodiment of austenitizing operations 106A, the temperatures of the oven zones can be selected to allow the tube to reach the target austenitizing temperature with a tolerance lower than about +/- 20 ° C . The target temperatures of 31/50 austenitization can be selected within about 900 ° C to about 1060 ° C. The rate of the heating interval can be selected within the range of about 0.1 ° C / s to about 0.2 ° C / s. The immersion time, the time since the tube reaches the temperature exiting the oven, about 300 austenitization depending on the final target minus about 10 ° C and the selected within until about 1800 s. The retention times can range from the temperature between the chemical composition to be selected, from the thickness of the desired size of austenite grain. At the wall and oven outlet, the tube can be descaled to remove surface oxide and is quickly moved to a rapid water cooling system. In 106B quick-cooling operations, external and internal cooling can be employed to achieve the desired cooling rates at about half the pipe wall (for example, greater than about 7 ° C / s). As discussed above, cooling rates within this range can promote greater than 70%, the formation of a volumetric percentage that is about 50%, preferably greater than do and more preferably greater than about martensite than about 90%. The remaining microstructure may comprise lower bainite (i.e., bainite formed at lower temperatures than about 540 ° C with a bainite strip morphology, strip contours as in the typical, including fine precipitation without coarse precipitates in the case of upper bainite, which is usually formed at temperatures In one embodiment, the chilled quick-cooling operations 106B high than 540 ° C). quickly with water can be accomplished by immersing the tube in a tank containing stirred water. The tube can be quickly rotated during to make the high heat transfer quick and uniform cooling and avoid the 32/50 tube distortion. Additionally, in order to remove the steam developed inside the tube, an internal jet of water can also be used. In certain embodiments, the water temperature may not be as high as about 40 ° C, preferably less than about 30 ° C during the 106B quick-cooling operations. After the 106B quick-cooling operations, the tube can be introduced 106C. In certain be selected in another furnace for the operations of quenching embodiments, the quenching temperature may Vo to be sufficiently high to produce a variance matrix density and relatively low over carbides having a substantially round shape (i.e., a higher degree of spheroidization). This spherolization improves the impact toughness of the tubes, as the 15 needle-shaped carbides on the strip and grain contours can provide easier cracking routes. Quenching martensite at temperatures high enough to produce more spherical dispersed carbides can promote trans-granular cracking and better resistance to SSC. Crack propagation can be slower in steels that have a high number of hydrogen capture sites and fine dispersed precipitates having spherical morphologies give better results. By forming a microstructure including tempered martensite, as opposed to a strap microstructure (for example, ferrite-perlite or ferrite-bainite), the HIC resistance of the steel tube can be further increased. In one embodiment, the quench temperature can be selected within the range of about 680 ° C to about 30 760 ° C, depending on the chemical composition of the steel and the target yield strength. Tolerances for temperature 33/50 selected temper can be within the range of about ± 15 ° C. The tube can be heated at a rate between about 0.1 ° C / s to about 0.2 ° C / s for the selected quench temperature. The tube can be further maintained at the selected 5-quench temperature for a length of time within the range between about 1800s.up to about 5400s. It should be noted that the packet size is not significantly influenced by the quenching operations 106C. However, the packet size may decrease with a reducing the temperature at which austenite is transformed. In traditional low-carbon steels with carbon equivalents lower than about 0.43%, tempered bainite may show a coarser package size (for example, 7-12 pm) when compared to that of tempered martensite within 15 of the present application (for example, less than or equal to about 6 pm, such as within the range of about 6 pm to about 2 pm). The martensite package size is practically independent of the austenite grain size and can remain fine (for example, an average size of less than or equal to about 6 pm) even in the case of a relatively coarse average austenite grain size (for example, 15 pm or 20 pm until about 100 pm). Finishing operations 110 may include, but are not limited to, crosslinking and curving operations. The crosslinking can be carried out at temperatures below the quenching temperature above about 450 ° C. In one embodiment, the bending can be carried out by means of hot induction bending. Hot induction bending is a hot deformation process that focuses on a narrow area, referred to as hot tape, that 34/50 is defined by means of an induction spiral (for example, a heating ring) and a rapid cooling ring that sprays water on the outer surface of the structure to be curved. A straight (mother) tube is pushed from the back, 5 while the front of the tube is clipped to a forced arm to describe a circular path. This forcing causes a bending moment in the entire structure, but the tube is plastically deformed substantially only within the rapid cooling correspondence of the hot strip. plays two define the zone under plastic deformation Therefore, the paper ring and cool simultaneously: quickly in-line the hot curve. The diameter of both heating and quick-cooling rings is about 20 mm to about 60 mm 15 wider than the outside diameter (OD) of the mother tube. The bending temperature on both the exterior and interior surfaces of the tube can be continuously measured using pyrometers. In conventional tube fabrication, the curves can be subjected to stress relief treatment after bending and rapid cooling through a quench treatment at a relatively low temperature to achieve the final mechanical properties. However, it is recognized that in-line quick quenching and quenching operations performed during finishing operations 110 can produce a microstructure that is different from that obtained in 106B off-line quenching and quenching operations, 106C. Therefore, in one embodiment of the description, as discussed above in operations 106B, 106C, in order to substantially regenerate the microstructure obtained after operations 106B, 106C. Therefore, the curves can be reheated in an oven, and then quickly immersed in a 35/50 rapid cooling with water under agitation, and then are tempered in an oven. In one embodiment, quenching after bending can be carried out at a temperature within the range of about 5,710 ° C to about 760 ° C. The tube can be heated at a rate within the range of about 0.05C / s to about 0.2 ° C / s. A retention time within the range of about 1800s to about 5400s can be employed after reaching the target tempering temperature. 2%) Figure 3 is an optical micrograph (corrosion with nital showing the microstructure of a tube after laminating molded according to the revealed embodiments. The composition of the tube was 0.14% C, 0.46% Mn, 0.24 % Si, 2.14% Cr, 0.95% Mo, 0.11% Ni, 0.05% V <0.01%, 0.014% Al, 0.007% N, 0.0013% Ca, 0.011% P, 0.001% S, 0.13% Cu. The tube had an external diameter (OD) of about 273 mm and a wall thickness of about 44 mm. As illustrated in Figure 3, the tube after laminate has a microstructure that is mainly bainite and some ferrite in the contours of the anterior austenite. The average grain size) of austenite (AGS) of the tube after laminate, measured according to ASTM E112 as linear intercept, was approximately 102.4 pm. Figure 4 is an optical micrograph showing the microstructure of the tube after rapid cooling according to the disclosed embodiments. As shown in Figure 4, the tube after laminate has a microstructure that is martensite with a volumetric percentage greater than 50% (measured according to ASTM E562-08) and lower bainite with 30 a volumetric percentage of less than about 40 %. The microstructure does not substantially include ferrite, upper bainite or granular bainite (a mixture of displaced ferrite 36/50 for bainite and martensite islands with high C and retained austenite). Figure 5 is an optical micrograph showing the half-wall of the tube after cooling rapidly from Figure 4. Selective corrosion is performed to reveal the contours of the anterior austenite grain and determining the size of the tube after rapidly cooling the previous austenite grain to be approximately 47.7 pm. '10 Even when circumstance, the fast and temper the austenite grain is coarse, as it is in this steel package size after cooling it can be kept below approximately 6 pm if a larger martensite structure of the lower one forms 540 ° C). predominant of martensite (for example, about 50% by volume) and bainite at relatively low temperatures (< Packet size is measured as mean linear intersection in images taken by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) using the Retro Scattering Diffraction signal. Electron (EBSD), and considering the wide-angle contours 020 those with disorientation greater than about 45 0 . The measurements by the linear interception method provided distribution shown in Figure 6, with an average grain size value In the package of about 5.8 pm, although the size of the previous austenite had a tube cooled quickly and average value of 47.8 pm. temperate, precipitates were also detected by Transmission Microscopy of Fine electrons (TEM) of the type MX, M 2 X (where M is Mo or Cr, or V, Nb, what kind Ti when about M 3 C, m 6 c, present, and X is C nm, in addition to M23C6 with a diameter or N) with the size of less coarse medium precipitates within the range between about 80 nm to about 400 nm. 37/50, 10 The total volumetric percentage of non-metallic inclusions is below about 0.04%. examined below The number of oxides with 0.05%, preferably below about inclusions per square mm of area larger than about 15 pm is about 0.4 / mm 2 . Only modified round sulfides are present. In the microstructure and shaped examples using EXAMPLES The mechanics and impact of the embodiments of the steel method described above are discussed below. In particular, parameters of austenite microstructure, package size, lower bainite, volume of larger inclusions are substantially properties of examined steel tubes which include grain size, volume of martensite, volume of non-metallic inclusions and of about 15 pm, for embodiments of the heat treatment compositions and conditions discussed above. The corresponding mechanical properties, strength, strength Example 1: Were including tensile strength, HIC / SSC are limit hardness tension, elongation, yield strength and discussed further. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Pipes Thick-Wall Quickly cooled from Tempered investigated the mechanical microstructural properties of Table steel 2. Regarding the parameter measurements (AGS), the package was microstructural, measured measured based on images Electrons (SEM) Scattering measured according to agreement using outlets using Electrons the austenite grain size with the ASTM E112, the size an average linear interception by Scanning Signal Microscopy (EBSD), the with the ASTM E562, the Retro Volume Diffraction with martensite was lower bainite volume t 38/50 was' measured according to ASTM E562, the volumetric percentage of non-metallic inclusions was measured by automatic image analysis using Optical Microscopy according to ASTM E1245, and the presence of precipitates was investigated by 5 Transmission Microscopy Electron (TEM) using the replica extraction method. With regard to mechanical properties, yield stress, tensile strength and elongation were measured according to ASTM E8, hardness was measured according to • 10 ASTM E92, the impact energy was evaluated in specimens of Charpy with transverse V-notch according to ISO 148-1, ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was evaluated in Charpy specimens with transverse V-notch according to ASTM E208, the fracture end opening displacement was measured according to BS7488 part 1 at about 60 ° C, the evaluation NACE TM0284-2003, duration of according to test duration with the HIC test was performed according to Item No. 21215 using 96 hour solution. The evaluation of SSC with the Standard NACE and one was held NACE TM0177 using test solution A and one for about 720 hours up to about 90% yield stress. A heating of about 90 t, with the chemical composition range shown in Table 2, was manufactured by an electric arc furnace. Table 2: Chemical Composition Range of Example 1 Ç Mn Si P s Ni Cr Mo Here V Nb You N Ass Al At Sb Sn B H Min 0.10 0.40 0.20 - - - 2.0 0.9 0.001 Max 0.13 0.55 0.35 0.015 0.009 0.20 2.5 1.1 0.005 0.02 0.010 0.01 0.012 0.20 0.020 0.02 0.005 0.025 0.001 0.0003 39/50 'After pouring, deoxidation and alloying, secondary metallurgy operations were carried out in a pan oven and cutting station. After calcium treatment and vacuum degassing, the liquid steel was then continuously melted in a vertical casting machine as round bars approximately 330 mm in diameter. The bars after melting were reheated by means of a rotary kiln to a temperature of about 1300 ° C, hot-drilled and the hollow tubes were hot rolled • 10 by means of a multi-stand mandrel tube laminator and subjected to hot sizing according to the above process with respect to Figure 1. The seamless tubes produced had an external diameter of about 273.1 mm and a wall thickness of about 44 mm. The chemical composition measured in the seamless tube after resulting laminate is reported in Table 3. Table 3: Chemical Composition of Seamless Pipes from Example 1 Pipe Ç Mn Si P s Ni Cr Mo Here V Nb You N Ass Al At Sb Sn B H 1 0.13 0.48 0.26 0.011 0.001 0.12 2.07 0.95 0.013 <0.01 <0.01 0.001 0.0074 0.13 0.014 0.006 0.0013 0.007 0.0001 0.0002 2 0.14 0.46 0.24 0.011 0.001 0.11 2.14 0.95 0.010 <0.01 <0.01 0.001 0.0083 0.13 0.014 0.006 0.0007 0.008 0.0001 0.0002 The tubes after laminating were subsequently austenitized by heating to a temperature of about 20 920 ° C for approximately 5400 seconds by means of a rocker oven, descaled by means of high pressure water sprayers, and quickly cooled with water externally and internally using a tank with stirring water and an internal water sprinkler. The heating rate of ausüenitization was approximately 0.16 ° C / s. The cooling rate employed during rapid cooling was approximately 15 ° C / s. The cooled tubes were quickly moved to a rocker oven for treatment 40/50 quenching at a temperature of about 740 ° C for a total time of about 9000 seconds and an immersion time of about 4200 seconds. The quench heating rate was approximately 0.12 ° C / s. The cooling rate employed during quenching was approximately less than 0.1 ° C / s. All tubes that were quickly cooled and quenched (Q&T) were hot-ground. The main parameters characterizing the microstructure and non-metallic inclusions of the tubes of Example 1 are shown φιο in Table 4. Table 4: Microstructural Parameters of Seamless Tubes Example 1 Parameter Average value Austenite grain size (μιη) 47.8 Packet size (pm) 5.8 Martensite (volume%) 68 Lower Bainite (volume%) 32 Volume of non-metallic inclusions (%) 0.028 Inclusions> 15 pm (No./mm 2 ) 0.22 The mechanical properties of the tubes shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7. The Table properties of tension, elongation, hardness and tubes quickly cooled and tempered. presents the yield limit stress, the Example 1 are ) features at tenacity in The Table 6 temperature in fracture appearance transition, the crack end opening offset and the ductility transition temperature after a simulated post-welded heating treatment. The post-weld heating treatment comprises heating and cooling at a rate of about 690 ° C with immersion times of 5 H. Table 7 presents the resistance to HIC and SSC measured in tubes cooled quickly and tempered. Table 5 .: Mechanical Properties of Quickly Cooled and Tempered Pipes from Example 1 Mechanical Property Result Mean yield stress (MPa) 479 Minimum yield stress (MPa) 466 Maximum yield stress (MPa) 489 Extreme Medium Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 612 Extreme Minimum Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 604 Maximum Extreme Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 617 Maximum YS / UTS Ratio 0.81 Average Elongation (%) 23.1 Minimum Elongation (%) 21.5 Maximum Elongation (%) 26.8 Maximum Hardness (HVio) 212 Average Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transversal CVN specimens] 240 Individual Minimum Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transversal CVN specimens] 150 80% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] -80 50% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] - 100 Average CTOD (mm) at about -60 ° C 1.03 Zero ductility transition temperature (° C) <-80 Table 6: Mechanical Properties of Quickly Cooled and Tempered Pipes from Example 1 after Simulated Post-Welding Heat Treatment (PWHT1) Minimum yield stress (MPa) after PWHT1 462 50% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] after PWHT1 -95 Average CTOD (mm) at about -60 ° C after PWHT1 2.4 Zero ductility transition temperature (° C) by DWT after PWHT1 <-95 42/50 Table 7: HIC and SSC resistance of Q&T tubes in Example 1 HIC: Result Number of tests Crack Length Ratio, CLR% 0 12 Crack Thickness Ratio, CTR% 0 12 Crack sensitivity ratio, CSR% 0 12 SSC(Method A NACE TM0177, Voltage: 90% SMYS): Result Number of Tests Collapse Time (h) > 720 (all passed) 12 It was verified, from the results of the tests above (Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7) that the quenched and quenched tubes are suitable to develop a degree of 450 MPa (653 ksi), characterized by: • Limit yield stress, YS: about 450 MPa (65 ksi) minimum, and about 600 MPa (87 ksi) maximum • Extreme Tensile Strength, UTS: about 535 MPa (78 ksi) minimum, and about 760 Maximum MPa (110). Hardness: about 248 HV 10 maximum. Stretching, not less than about 20%. · YS / UTS ratio less than or equal to about 0.91. • Minimum Impact Energy of about 200 J / about 150 J (average / individual) at about -70 ° C in Charpy specimens with a transverse V notch. • Excellent toughness in terms of 50% FATT (temperature of transition to a fracture appearance with 50% of shear area) and about 80% FATT (transition temperature to a fracture appearance of about 80% of area of shear) shear), measured in transverse V-notch Charpy specimens tested according to ISO 148-1. 43/50 • Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Temperature, measured using the weight drop test (DWT) according to the ASTM 208 standard, lower than about - 70 ° C. • Excellent longitudinal displacement of opening Crack End (CTOD) at about -60 ° C (> 0.8 mm). • Flow limit stress, YS of about 450 MPa minimum after Simulated Post-Welding Heating Treatment: heating and cooling rate of about 80 ° C / h, immersion temperature about 650 ° C; immersion times: 5 h. Good resistance to (test according to NACE Standard TM02842003 Item No. 21215, using NACE solution A and test duration of about 96 hours) and SSC (test according to NACE TM0177, using test solution A and 100 kPa (1 bar) of 15 H 2 S, tensioned at about 90% of the specified minimum yield stress (SMYS). Example 2: Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Curves in Thick-Walled Tubes Quickly Cooled and Spiced The rapidly cooled and quenched tubes of Example 1 were used in the manufacture of curves having a radius of approximately 5 times the outer diameter of the tube (5D). The tubes were subjected to hot induction bending to a temperature of approximately 850 ° C +/- 25 ° C and rapid cooling with in-line water. The curves were then reheated to a temperature of about 920 ° C for approximately 15 minutes of retention in a car oven, moved to a water tank, and immersed in stirred water. The minimum temperature of the curves was greater than about 860 ° C just before immersion in the water tank and the temperature of the water in the tank was kept below ί 44/50 approximately 40 ° C. The microstructure of the curve after cooling quickly to about half-wall of the tube is shown in Figure 7. Following the rapid cooling operation, the curves after cooling quickly were quenched in an oven set at a temperature of 730 ° C using a retention time of 40 minutes. Table 8: Mechanical Properties of Quickly Cooled and Tempered Curves of Example 2 Mechanical Property Result Mean yield stress (MPa) 502 Minimum yield stress (MPa) 485 Maximum yield stress (MPa) 529 Extreme Medium Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 642 Extreme Minimum Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 634 Maximum Extreme Tensile Strength, UTS (MPa) 647 Maximum YS / UTS ratio (-) 0.82 Average Elongation (%) 22.0 Minimum Elongation (%) 20.5 Maximum Elongation (%) 25.0 Maximum Hardness (HVj 0 ) 211 Average Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transversal CVN specimens] 270 Individual Minimum Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transversal CVN specimens] 210 80% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] <-90 50% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] <-110 Average CTOD (mm) at about -45 ° C > 1.1 Zero ductility transition temperature (° C) <-80 45/50 Table 11: Resistance to HIC and SSC of Quickly Cooled and Tempered Curves of Example 2 HIC: Result Number of Tests Crack Length Ratio, CLR% 0 3 Crack Thickness Ratio, CTR% 0 3 Crack sensitivity ratio, CSR% 0 3 SSC(Method A NACE TM0177, Voltage: 90% SMYS): Result Number of Tests Collapse Time (h) > 720 (all passed) 3 It was verified, from the results of the tests above (Table 8, Table 9) that the quenched and quenched tubes are suitable to develop a degree of 485 MPa (70 ksi), characterized by: • Limiting yield stress, YS: about 485 MPa (70 ksi) minimum, and about t 635 MPa (92 ksi) maximum. • Resistance to Extreme Stress, UTS: about 570 MPa (83 ksi) minimum, and about 760 MPa (110 ksi) maximum. Maximum hardness of about 248 HVi 0 . Elongation not less than about 8%. · YS / UTS ratio not greater than about 0.93. • Minimum Impact Energy of about 200 J / about 150 J (average / individual) at about -70 ° C in specimens Charpy with transverse V notch. • Excellent tenacity in terms of 50% FATT (transition temperature for a fracture appearance with 50% shear area) and 80% FATT (transition temperature for a fracture appearance with about 80% shear area), measured in Charpy specimens with notch in Transverse V. / - 46/50 • Excellent longitudinal crack end opening displacement (CTOD) at about -45 ° C (> 1.1 mm). • Good resistance to HIC (test according to NACE Standard TM0284-2003 Item No. 21215, using NACE solution and test duration of about 96 hours) and SSC (test according to NACE TM0177, using solution A and 100 kPa (1 bar) of H 2 S, tensioned to about 90% gives limit voltage flow minimum specified, SMYS). ®L0 Example 3: Comparative ExampleTemperate in Pipe Cold quickly andIn this comparative example tubes colds quickly andtemperate having a diameter external of fence 219.1 mm and wall thickness of about 44 mm, made of typical steel of line pipe with a low carbon equivalent of 0.4% 15 (Table 10), were used for the manufacture of hot induction curves, cooled quickly and seasoned off-line, using the embodiments of the previously described process. Table 10: Composition of Comparative Example 3 Heat Ç Mn Si P s Ni Cr Mo Here V Nb You N Ass Al At Sb Sn B H 976866 0.09 1.17 0.26 0.012 0.002 0.41 0.17 0.15 0.012 0.07 0.030 0.002 0.0055 0.14 0.024 0.006 0.0027 0.01 0.0002 0.0002 The seamless tubes produced were austenitized at about 920 ° C using a time immersion in about 600 seconds, as discussed above, through in one oven in rocker. The tubes were still uncrusted per middle in high pressure water sprayers and cooled quickly with water externally and internally using a tank with stirred water and an internal water spray. The cooled tubes were quickly moved to another 47/50 rocker oven for tempering treatment at about 660670 ° C. All tubes cooled quickly and quenched were hot-ground. The Q&T tubes were also subjected to hot induction bending by heating to a temperature of about 850 ° C +/- 25 ° C and quickly cooled with in-line water. The curves were then reheated to about 920 ° C for a retention time of approximately 30 minutes in a hearth oven, moved to a water tank and immersed in 1.0 water with stirring. The minimum temperature of the curves was greater than about 860 ° C just before immersion in the water tank and the water temperature of the tank was kept below about 40 ° C. The microstructure around half a wall of the curve after cooling quickly is illustrated in Figure 8. A predominant microstructure within the tube after rapidly cooling was granular bainite (a mixture of ferrite displaced by bainite and islands of high C martensite and retained austenite, MA constituent), which is significantly different from that of high Cr-high Mo steel in pO Figure 7. The curves after cooling quickly were additionally quenched in an oven at a temperature of about 670 ° C using a retention time of approximately 30 minutes. The main parameters that characterize microstructure 25 and non-metallic inclusions of the Q&T curves are shown in Table 11. 48/50 Table 11: Microstructural Parameters of the Comparative Example Parameter Average value Packet size (pm) > 8 Granular Bainite (volume%) 92 (included 14% MA) Ferrite (volume%) 8 Volume of non-metallic inclusions (%) 0.033 Inclusions> 15 mm (No./mm) 0.24 Table 12: Mechanical Properties of Quickly Cooled and Tempered Curves of Comparative Example 3 Mechanical Property Result Mean yield stress (MPa) 501 Minimum yield stress (MPa) 465 Maximum yield stress (MPa) 542 Resistance to Medium Extreme Stress, UTS (MPa) 626 Resistance to Minimum Extreme Stress, UTS (MPa) 598 Resistance to Maximum Extreme Stress, UTS (MPa) 652 Maximum YS / UTS ratio 0.81 Average Elongation (%) 21.5 Minimum Elongation (%) 20.5 Maximum Elongation (%) 24.0 Maximum Hardness (HVio) 240 Average Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transverse CVN specimens] 70 Individual Minimum Impact Energy (J) at about -70 ° C [transverse CVN specimens] 30 80% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] -50 50% FATT (° C) [transverse CVN specimens] -60 49/50 Table 13: HIC and SSC resistance of Q&T curves in the Example HIC: Result Number of tests Crack Length Ratio, CLR% 0 3 Crack Thickness Ratio, CTR% 0 3 Crack Sensitivity Ratio, CSR% 0 3 SSC(Method A NACE TM0177, Voltage: 90% SMYS): Result Number of tests Collapse Time (h) > 720562> 720 3 (1 did not pass) From the foregoing description, it can be seen that tubes having rapidly cooled and tempered curves, just as they are made of steel that does not develop sufficient hardness, show a predominant granular bainite microstructure. In addition, the 10 packet size is larger than that of Example 2. In addition, while these rapidly cooled and tempered curves are capable of reaching the minimum yield stress of 450 MPa, ie X65 grade (Table 12), they have a worse tenacity with higher transition temperatures and a lower resistance to SSC , when compared to Example 2, due to its different microstructure. Although the preceding description has shown, described and highlighted the fundamental new aspects of the present teachings, it will be understood that various omissions, 20 substitutions and changes in shape of the details of the device as illustrated, as well as the uses of it, can be made by people versed in the technique, without departing from the scope 50/50 of the present teachings. Consequently, the scope of the present teachings should not be limited to the preceding discussion, but should be defined by the claims that accompany this description.
权利要求:
Claims (15) [1] 1. Seamless steel pipe with thick walls characterized by comprising: a steel composition comprising: 0, 05 % in Weight The 0, 16 % in Weight in carbon; 0, 20 O.% in Weight The 0, 90 O.% in Weight in manganese; 0, 10 O.% in Weight The 0, 50 O.% in Weight in silicon; 1, 80 O.% in Weight The 2, 60 O.% in Weight in chrome; 0, 05 O.% in Weight The 0, 50 O.% in Weight in nickel; 0, 80 O.% in Weight The 1, 20 O.% in Weight in molybdenum; 0.005% by weight to 0.12% by weight of vanadium; 0.008% by weight to 0.04% by weight of aluminum; 0.0030 % in weight a 0.0120% by weight nitrogen; 0.0010 O.% in weight a 0, 005% by weight calcium; 0 to 0, 80 % 1 by weight in tungsten; 0 to 0.030% by weight of niobium; 0 to 0.020% by weight of titanium; 0 to 0.30% by weight of copper; 0 to 0.010% by weight of sulfur; 0 to 0.020% by weight of phosphorus; 0 to 0.0020% by weight of boron; 0 to 0.020% by weight of arsenic; 0 to 0.0050% by weight of antimony; 0 The 0, 020 % in Weight in tin; 0 The 0, 030 O.% in Weight in zirconium; 0 The 0, 030 O.% in Weight in tantalum; 0 to 0.0050% by weight of bismuth; 0 to 0.0030% by weight of oxygen; 0 to 0.00030% by weight of hydrogen; and the remainder of the composition comprising iron and impurities, wherein the wall thickness of the tube is greater than or equal to 35 mm; and where the steel tube is processed to have: Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 13/21 [2] 2/7 a yield strength of 450 MPa to 600 MPa, an extreme tensile strength of 535 MPa to 7 60 MPa, an elongation of not less than 20%, and a yield strength / extreme tensile strength ratio no more than 0.91; or a yield strength limit of 485 MPa to 635 MPa, an extreme tensile strength of 570 MPa to 760 MPa, an elongation of not less than 18%, and a yield strength / extreme tensile strength ratio of no more than 0.93; and where the microstructure of the steel tube comprises martensite in a volumetric percentage greater than or equal to 50% and lower bainite in a volumetric percentage less than or equal to 50%, and does not include one or more of ferrite, upper bainite, and granular bainite . 2. Steel tube according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the composition of the steel comprises: 0, 07 % in Weight The 0, 14 O.% in Weight in carbon; 0, 30 O.% in Weight The 0, 60 O.% in Weight in manganese; 0, 10 O.% in Weight The 0, 40 O.% in Weight in silicon; 1, 80 O.% in Weight The 2, 50 O.% in Weight in chrome; 0, 05 O.% in Weight The 0, 20 O.% in Weight in nickel; 0, 90 O.% in Weight The 1, 10 O.% in Weight in molybdenum; 0 The 0.60% by weight in tungsten;0 The 0.015 % by weight in niobium;0 The 0.010 % by weight in titanium;0 The 0.20% by weight in copper;0 The 0.005 % by weight in sulfur;0 The 0.012 % by weight in phosphor;0, 050% in weight at 0 , 10 % by weight in vanadium; 0, 010% in weight at 0 , 03 0% by weight in aluminum; 0.0030% by weight to 0.0100% by weight of nitrogen; 0.0010% by weight to 0.003% by weight of calcium; Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 14/21 [3] 3/7 0.0005 % in weight to 0.0012% by weight of 0 The 0, 015% by weight of arsenic; 0 The 0, 0050 % by weight of antimony; 0 The 0, 015% by weight of tin; 0 The 0, 015% by weight of zirconium; 0 The 0, 015% by weight of tantalum; 0 The 0, 0050 % by weight of bismuth; 0 The 0, 0020 % by weight of oxygen; 0 The 0, 00025 % by weight of hydrogen; the rest of the composition comprising iron and impurities. Steel tube according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the steel composition comprises: 0, 08 % in Weight The 0, 12 O.% in Weight in carbon; 0, 30 O.% in Weight The 0, 50 O.% in Weight in manganese; 0, 10 O.% in Weight The 0, 25 O.% in Weight in silicon; 2, 10 O.% in Weight The 2, 40 O.% in Weight in chrome; 0, 05 O.% in Weight The 0, 20 O.% in Weight in nickel; 0, 95 O.% in Weight The 1, 10 O.% in Weight in molybdenum; 0 to 0.30% by weight of tungsten; 0 to 0.010% by weight of niobium; 0 to 0.010% by weight of titanium; 0 to 0.15% by weight of copper; 0 to 0.003% by weight of sulfur; 0 to 0.010% by weight of phosphorus; 0.050% by weight to 0.07% by weight of vanadium; 0.015% by weight to 0.025% by weight of aluminum; 0.0030% by weight to 0.008% by weight of nitrogen; 0.0015% by weight to 0.003% by weight of calcium; 0.0008% by weight to 0.0014% by weight of boron; 0 to 0.015% by weight of arsenic; 0 to 0.0050% by weight of antimony; 0 to 0.015% by weight of tin; 0 to 0.010% by weight of zirconium; Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 15/21 [4] 4/7 0 to 0.010% by weight of tantalum; 0 to 0.0050% by weight of bismuth; 0 to 0.0015% by weight of oxygen; 0 to 0.00020% by weight of hydrogen; the rest of the composition comprising iron and impurities. Steel pipe according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the yield stress is 485 MPa or greater. [5] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the microstructure of the steel tube consists essentially of martensite and lower bainite. [6] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that the volumetric percentage of martensite is greater than or equal to 90% and the volumetric percentage of lower bainite is less than or equal to 10%. [7] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grain size of the previous austenite is between 20 pm and 100 pm. [8] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the package size is less than or equal to 6 pm. [9] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that one or more particulates having the composition MX or M2X having an average diameter less than or equal to 40 nm are present in the steel tube, where M is selected from V, Mo, Nb, and Cr and X is selected from C and N. Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 16/21 5/7 [10] Steel tube according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the ductile-brittle transition temperature is less than -70 ° C. [11] Steel pipe according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that the V-notched Charpy energy is greater than or equal to 1.5x10 6 J / m 2 . [12] Steel pipe according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the steel pipe shows no failure due to, at least in part, rupture by stress corrosion after 720 hours when subjected to a stress 90% of the breaking voltage and tested according to NACE TM0177. [13] 13. Method for the production of a thick-walled steel tube, characterized by comprising: providing a steel having a carbon steel composition as defined in claim 1; conform the steel in a tube having a wall thickness greater than or equal to 35 mm; heat the shaped steel tube in a first heating operation to a temperature in the range between 900 ° C to 1060 ° C; quickly cool the shaped steel tube at a rate greater than or equal to 7 ° C / s; and tempering the steel pipe cooled to a temperature in the range between 680 ° C to 760 ° C; in order to obtain a steel tube that after rapid cooling has a microstructure that is greater than or equal to 50% in martensite and less than or equal to 50% in lower bainite and has an average grain size of anterior austenite greater than 20 pm and after quenching it has a yield strength greater than 450 MPa and a Charpy energy with V notch is greater than or equal to 150 J. Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 17/21 6/7 [14] 14. Method according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the steel composition comprises: 0, 07 % in Weight The 0, 14 % in Weight in carbon; 0, 30 O.% in Weight The 0, 60 O.% in Weight in manganese; 0, 10 O.% in Weight The 0, 40 O.% in Weight in silicon; 1, 80 O.% in Weight The 2, 50 O.% in Weight in chrome; 0, 05 O.% in Weight The 0, 20 O.% in Weight in nickel; 0, 90 O.% in Weight The 1, 10 O.% in Weight in molybdenum; 0 The 0.60% by weight in tungsten;0 The 0.015 % by weight in niobium;0 The 0.010 % by weight in titanium;0 The 0.20% by weight in copper;0 The 0.005 % by weight in sulfur;0 The 0.012 % by weight in phosphor;0, 050% in weight at 0 , 10 % by weight in vanadium; 0, 010% in weight at 0 , 03 0% by weight in aluminum; 0.0030 % in weight to 0.0100% by weight in nitrogen; 0, 0010 O.% in weight at 0 .003% by weight in calcium; 0, 0005 O.% in weight at 0 , 00 12% by weight in boron; 0 The 0, 015 % by weight in arsenic;0 The 0, 0050% by weight in antimony;0 The 0, 015 O.% by weight in tin;0 The 0, 015 O.% by weight in zirconium;0 The 0, 015 O.% by weight in tantalum; 0 to 0.0050% by weight of bismuth; 0 to 0.0020% by weight of oxygen; 0 to 0.00025% by weight of hydrogen; and the rest of the composition comprises iron and impurities. [15] 15. Method according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the steel composition comprises: 0, 08 % in Weight The 0, 12 O.% in Weight in carbon; 0, 30 O.% in Weight The 0, 50 O.% in Weight in manganese; 0, 10 O.% in Weight The 0, 25 O.% in Weight in silicon; Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 18/21 7/7 2, 10 % in Weight The 2, 40 % in Weight in chrome; 0, 05 O.% in Weight The 0, 20 O.% in Weight in nickel; 0, 95 O.% in Weight The 1, 10 O.% in Weight in molybdenum; 0 The 0.30% by weight in tungsten; 0 The 0.010% by weight in niobium; 0 The 0.010% by weight in titanium; 0, 050% by weight at 0 , 07 % by weight of vanadium 0.015% by weight to 0.025% by weight of aluminum; 0 The 0.15% by weight of copper; 0 The 0, 003% by weight of sulfur; 0 The 0, 010% by weight of phosphorus; 0, 0030 % in weight to 0.008% by weight of nitrogen; 0, 0015 % in weight to 0.003% by weight of calcium; 0, 0008 % in weight to 0.0014% by weight of boron; 0 The 0, 015% by weight of arsenic; 0 The 0, 0050 % by weight of antimony; 0 The 0, 015% by weight of tin; 0 The 0, 010% by weight of zirconium; 0 The 0, 010% by weight of tantalum; 0 The 0, 0050 % by weight of bismuth; 0 The 0, 0015 % by weight of oxygen; 0 The 0, 00020 % by weight of hydrogen; and the rest of the composition comprising iron and impurities. Petition 870180073045, of 8/20/2018, p. 19/21 1/6 FIGURE 1 100 2/6 FIGURE 2 (□ o ) mnjBJQdiuqj Time (s) 3/6 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 4/6 W® H s * | Sg | lg M » MMmMM / jr * i Ή mm__ λΛ ΑΜζ ιμ M · nn IM £ I JMM | » ¥« ·% MMMm * » Sg I *; 4 * · Jí '·. A fr i · ' MM s iii H Mji 4f 4) Ή <Ç> · MM MM 4 «· - * I ÍL <. · I. · 50 μπ> 5/6 FIGURE 6 6/6 FIGURE 7 FIGURE 8
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 MX2012001707A|2012-08-31| ITMI20110179A1|2012-08-08| CN102703830A|2012-10-03| EP2484784B1|2020-07-15| US8821653B2|2014-09-02| AR085313A1|2013-09-25| BR102012002647A2|2015-03-31| CN102703830B|2016-12-14| JP6050003B2|2016-12-21| CA2767021C|2020-03-24| IT1403688B1|2013-10-31| AU2012200698A1|2012-08-23| JP2012197508A|2012-10-18| EP2484784A1|2012-08-08| AU2012200698B2|2016-12-15| US20120204994A1|2012-08-16| CA2767021A1|2012-08-07| IN2012DE00319A|2015-04-10|
引用文献:
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法律状态:
2015-03-31| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]| 2015-05-19| B03H| Publication of an application: rectification [chapter 3.8 patent gazette]|Free format text: REFERENTE A RPI 2308 DE 31/03/2015, QUANTO AO ITEM (57). | 2018-05-22| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]| 2018-09-25| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]| 2018-12-11| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/02/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 ITMI2011A000179A|IT1403688B1|2011-02-07|2011-02-07|STEEL TUBES WITH THICK WALLS WITH EXCELLENT LOW TEMPERATURE HARDNESS AND RESISTANCE TO CORROSION UNDER TENSIONING FROM SULFUR.| ITMI2011A000179|2011-02-07| 相关专利
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